Before the advent of modern therapies, impotence or erectile dysfunction was treated through psychoanalysis; that is if treated at all. Recent development has helped us to understand the condition better and to identify organic conditions as the major causes of ED. Such conditions like nerve damages, vascular diseases and hormonal imbalances have all been implicated as the underlying causes of ED, and this is a marked departure from the previous belief that most causes of ED were psychogenic in origin.
This development has witnessed a primary shift of responsibility from the psychiatrists to urologists when treating ED patients.
In more recent times, however, a second shift has brought about a definitive and more convenient approach to treating ED in the form of the introduction of Viagra tablets into the market. Such is the convenience of this new drug that family and general practitioners and internists in the western world affirmed that the treatment of most cases of erectile dysfunction is now possible with a simple prescription.
An understanding of the way the erection of the penis works would allow for treating the physical causes of erectile dysfunction in more ways than one, though, Viagra tablets are generally seen as an effective cure for all erectile dysfunction type. Indeed, Viagra tablets are the treatment of choice for over 95 percent of cases of erectile dysfunction. However, issues about the efficiency and safety of other ED treatments are raised.
Though Viagra tablets, on a positive side, have changed the way men and their doctors confront impotence and brought the condition out of society's closet.
Of great importance is the understanding of the anatomy of the penis if one wants to understand the physiological changes that take place in the body during ED.
Generally speaking, the penis functions as the organ that expels urine from the body, a less than significant role for its primary functions of enabling copulation and introducing semen into the vaginal canal of the female when rigid.
Erection of the penis primarily occurs when the male is aroused, and it involves sending conscious or unconscious neurological signals from the cerebral cortex and limbic system to the hypothalamus. The signals are then, via the spinal cord, relayed down the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons of the penis. The neurotransmitters, which relax the smooth muscle cells lining the corporal bodies and the arteries supplying blood to the penis, are then released by the nerve endings.
The relaxation of the arterial walls (vasodilation) enables more blood to flow into the penis, and erection takes place. The brain's inhibitory control, it is important to note, regulates the mechanism of erection in man.
A sexual stimulus is needed or the erection pathway to begin, and this could be in the form of visual, tactile, auditory, gustatory or olfactory.
The entire sequence of events (from stimulation to erection) normally takes place in seconds.
Interference of this nerve pathway in any form – stroke, Parkinson's disease, head and spinal cord injuries and diseases with systemic effects such as multiple sclerosis and diabetes – could cause ED.
ED is prevalent among the ageing population. This is because this group of people usually experience a consistent decrease in nerve endings in their penis and blood flow.
Most people order for Viagra tablets because the magic pills is an treatment for ED. If obtained from reputable pharmaceutical companies, real Viagra tablets contain Sildenafil Citrate – a potent active ingredient that selectively inhibits cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, an enzyme that degrades cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).
The degradation of cGMP prevents the relaxation of the smooth muscles, which is a key step for erection to take place.
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Halai Ashish runs a legitimate pharmacy for a number of years with his wife Nanya Halai, who is a pharmacist. After selling their business, Ashish and Nanya, as a result of the goodwill they enjoy in the course of running their business, use their business name to sell herbal weight-loss aids. The British couple soon get themselves involved in selling fake Viagra tablets after they become discontent with what they are earning from the weight loss aids. Their resolve to sell the erectile dysfunction treatment is as a result of the growing number of people who are looking to buy Viagra tablets.
With a deal to supply a Mexican company based in the Bahamas already in place, Ashish develops a vast network of contacts which he employs to smuggle the fake Viagra tablets into the Bahamas via Great Britain. Through a very good understanding of the art of concealment, Halai marks the packages as vitamin supplements for dogs and ships them using reputable companies such as DHL.
The Halai case spans the period of 2003 and 2004, and this starts when the fake Viagra tablets, along with a host of other counterfeit drugs, are detected and seized while being smuggled into the Heathrow and Stansted airports. After tests are run on the seized samples, up to 90 percent of the active ingredients in the drugs are found to be genuine ingredients found in pharmaceutical drugs, and a great proportion of the counterfeit drugs are sold on the internet.
Halai and his group, as further investigation establishes, are a part of a UK distribution section of a worldwide counterfeiting ring with operations in Pakistan, India and China, with tentacles also extending into the US and the Caribbean.
The Ashish drug bust – a factual story on the biggest drug scandal in the history of the UK – typifies the increasing incident of fake Viagra tablets being sold on the internet. A recent internet survey shows that there are over 500 pharmaceutical companies selling Viagra tablets online, with a great percentage of these online dealers not genuine.
Despite not being genuine, the Ashish gang went as far as prescribing the Viagra tablets to their prospective buyers, and this shows the length to which the fake dealers could go to give a semblance of ethicality to their business.
Continuing with the fake Viagra dealers tales, the Chinese police in the eastern province of Zhejiang raided a 30-man gang on the suspicion of selling or making fake Viagra tablets.
During the raid, 18,000 fake Viagra tablets were seized along with over a ton of fake drugs, and they were to be sold to over 12 countries by the gang.
12 people were arrested in Guangdong with one thousand kilogram of fake drugs and volumes of raw materials for producing cheap Viagra tablets.
Also swelling the litany of fake drugs dealership is the interception of a freight cargo on the 18th of December at the Paris main air hub at Roissy. The cargo was bound for Brazil, and fake branded and generic Viagra tablets were found cloned in the characteristic colour and shape of Viagra and Cialis pills in some boxes each containing four of the fake tablets.
The counterfeits were determined when representatives from Pfizer and Eli Lilly, the respective makers of Viagra and Cialis, inspected the drugs.
Mike Deats, Head of Enforcement at the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, in responding to the issue of the menace posed by the boom in the internet sales of fake Viagra pills, said that people who buy Viagra tablets without prescription online not only swell the bank accounts of the unscrupulous dealers, but stand the risk of endangering their lives.
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