Viagra tablets are the invention by Pfizer, Inc., whose popularity is not only down to their efficiency to produce rock-hard erection among a group of men suffering from a kind of impotence known as erectile dysfunction, but also because they have a seeming knack for reinventing themselves.
A report emanating from a hospital in Tyneside, Newcastle on the 15th of February 2007 told of how Viagra tablets were used to save the life of an infant.
According to the report, Lewis Goodfellow had weighed about 1pound and 8 ounce after been born prematurely at 24 weeks. The oxygen supply to Lewis’s bloodstream was not enough because his lungs had failed.
As a last ditch effort to save young Lewis’s life, the doctors at the Royal Victoria Infirmary, the hospital where Lewis had been born, had decided to administer Viagra, the citrate salt of Sildenafil Citrate, on the baby.
The fact that Viagra could open up tiny blood vessels in the baby’s lungs to allow for oxygen to be absorbed into the bloodstream, apparently, must have informed the doctors’ decision.
After saving young Lewis’s life with the novel effort, Alan Fenton, consultant neonatologist at the hospital, explained their decision thus:
‘The problem with most prematurely born babies that have difficulties with their breathing is that not enough blood is supplied to their lungs to allow for the circulation of oxygen to the other parts of their body, even in cases where oxygen is blown into their lungs to help them. What Viagra does is that it could help in opening up the blood vessels so that oxygen could be captured and be subsequently distributed to the rest of the body.’
Viagra tablets, in line with keeping to their headlines-grabbing tradition, were again in the news on the 14th of February, 2007 when a pilot scheme to trial the sale of the drug over-the-counter was carried out by Boots the chemist.
Under the scheme, three pharmaceutical stores in Manchester, England, would be stocked with Viagra tablets, and the scheme will afford those who want to buy Viagra online with no prescription the opportunity to do so. If successful, the scheme would be carried out on a national scale and Viagra tablets would be made available to all the pharmaceutical stores nationwide.
Of course this does not mean that standard ethical practice would be discarded in dispensing the drug, as customers who want to buy Viagra tablets at these stores, but who do not have prescription, would be asked some salient questions relating to their suitability to buy the diamond-shaped blue pills.
Before a customer can buy a packet of four Viagra tablets, for example, he is expected to give out information on his medical history to the pharmacist, and also present himself for blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose levels, tests.
A positive angle to this novel scheme is that it avails the vast number of people who couldn’t get prescription for the blue pills, but who nevertheless want to buy Viagra tablets a great opportunity to be part of the Viagra revolution.
Out of the estimated 3 million men in Great Britain suffering from erectile dysfunction, according to Boots, only 10 percent of this group receive treatment. The scheme would make more Viagra tablets available to ease the problem of the vast population of the untreated class of people between the ages of 30 and 65 that would be eligible to buy.
Any man who desires a regular supply of Viagra tablets would be made to consult with a doctor at a fairly affordable price of about 35.5 pounds. And once he is certified fit to buy the drug, it would be made available to him at the cost of 21.25 tablets per 4-packets pack.
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Viagra as an effective Erectile Dysfunction (ED) treatment
[mage source="flickr"]Viagra as an effective Erectile Dysfunction (ED) treatment[/mage]
Ed Treatments No Longer Limited! Try Out the Options Available
Erectile dysfunction became more popular amongst the common man not because of its nature but because of the treatments that were invented for the disease within the space of the last ten years. Erectile dysfunction was a matter of great concern and worry among the common man because earlier there were no convincing treatments for the disease. But now oral ED pills are doing very well as regards to ED cure.
Though the objective of all the oral ED drugs is the same, their components are slightly different. The first phenomenal ED drug to be invented, as we all know, was Pfizer Viagra. This ED drug inspite of being extremely popular and effective in ED treatment, proved to be of little use to a considerable number of ED patients. Not only ED, this happens in case of patients suffering from other diseases also. There are many people who cannot be administered the most popular drug of a particular disease, as the drug might not suit them. Similarly in case of ED also there are patients who cannot be treated with Viagra. These patients are often collectively termed as the Viagra non responders.
Therefore for these non responders there had to some kind of an equally effective alternative or for that matter alternatives. The medical giants started working on ED medications that could be as effective for those who cannot be treated by Viagra and also for those who can be. As a result today we have three prominent ED pills that are collectively thought to be the best form of ED cure.
These new ED cures are however not devoid of the side effects that their predecessor had. What they did was that they concentrated on developing some kind of an advantage or advantages over their predecessor. Something special and extraordinary that could not be found in Viagra.
The marketing strategy of these competitors bore fruits as today all of them are surviving in the market for ED cure. They have takers and their set of customers. All these drugs have even ventured into the online pharmacies with the hope of getting their product right into the bedroom of the customers, where they are actually meant to be! One thing that is however common with all the ED drugs is their abuse. Almost all the ED drugs are used for purposes that they are not meant to serve.
Well, coming back to the topic of the Viagra competitors, the latest one to join the band wagon was Bayer Levitra. Counted among one of the cheapest ED drugs, Levitra online also has the advantage of being applicable to the patients of hypertension and diabetes. People can order levitra once they are approved the Levitra prescription. Please do not go for online pharmacies which claim to sell cheap levitra, always buy levitra from a well known online store selling the FDA approved levitra pills.
Encore Revive Premium – As seen on TV – Proven Impotence Treatment Covered by Medicare
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Halai Ashish runs a legitimate pharmacy for a number of years with his wife Nanya Halai, who is a pharmacist. After selling their business, Ashish and Nanya, as a result of the goodwill they enjoy in the course of running their business, use their business name to sell herbal weight-loss aids. The British couple soon get themselves involved in selling fake Viagra tablets after they become discontent with what they are earning from the weight loss aids. Their resolve to sell the erectile dysfunction treatment is as a result of the growing number of people who are looking to buy Viagra.
With a deal to supply a Mexican company based in the Bahamas already in place, Ashish develops a vast network of contacts which he employs to smuggle the fake Viagra tablets into the Bahamas via Great Britain. Through a very good understanding of the art of concealment, Halai marks the packages as vitamin supplements for dogs and ships them using reputable companies such as DHL.
The Halai case spans the period of 2003 and 2004, and this starts when the fake Viagra tablets, along with a host of other counterfeit drugs, are detected and seized while being smuggled into the Heathrow and Stansted airports. After tests are run on the seized samples, up to 90 percent of the active ingredients in the drugs are found to be genuine ingredients found in pharmaceutical drugs, and a great proportion of the counterfeit drugs are sold on the internet.
Halai and his group, as further investigation establishes, are a part of a UK distribution section of a worldwide counterfeiting ring with operations in Pakistan, India and China, with tentacles also extending into the US and the Caribbean.
The Ashish drug bust – a factual story on the biggest drug scandal in the history of the UK – typifies the increasing incident of fake Viagra tablets being sold on the internet. A recent internet survey shows that there are over 500 pharmaceutical companies selling Viagra tablets online, with a great percentage of these online dealers not genuine.
Despite not being genuine, the Ashish gang went as far as prescribing the Viagra tablets to their prospective buyers, and this shows the length to which the fake dealers could go to give a semblance of ethicality to their business.
Continuing with the fake Viagra dealers tales, the Chinese police in the eastern province of Zhejiang raided a 30-man gang on the suspicion of selling or making fake Viagra tablets.
During the raid, 18,000 fake Viagra tablets were seized along with over a ton of fake drugs, and they were to be sold to over 12 countries by the gang.
12 people were arrested in Guangdong with one thousand kilogram of fake drugs and volumes of raw materials for producing cheap Viagra.
Also swelling the litany of fake drugs dealership is the interception of a freight cargo on the 18th of December at the Paris main air hub at Roissy. The cargo was bound for Brazil, and fake branded and generic Viagra tablets were found cloned in the characteristic colour and shape of Viagra and Cialis pills in some boxes each containing four of the fake tablets.
The counterfeits were determined when representatives from Pfizer and Eli Lilly, the respective makers of Viagra and Cialis, inspected the drugs.
Mike Deats, Head of Enforcement at the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, in responding to the issue of the menace posed by the boom in the internet sales of fake Viagra pills, said that people who buy Viagra not only swell the bank accounts of the unscrupulous dealers, but stand the risk of endangering their lives.
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It is a known fact that the internet readily makes available prescription drugs for anyone to purchase online. This in effect has eased the availability of prescription drugs and it is now possible, for instance, for one to make an online order for Viagra tablets, which can then be delivered at one’s doorstep.
A recent web survey showed that more than 500 websites sell Viagra tablets at cheap prices. Identified as major players in this online sale of Viagra tablets are pharmaceutical companies in the US and other countries like Italy, Canada and Mexico.
As a tool for promoting merchandise, the internet is a convenient and fast way of making goods and services available worldwide. However, the internet ranks as the main source where dubious practices are being perpetrated, and tales of fake dealers of pharmaceuticals and unethical practices in dispensing drugs are commonplace.
A Los Angeles Times article of 21st May, 2008 wrote that the growing spate of drug addiction among people is mainly because the internet has made these drugs easily available to the public, and this is despite the high number of licensed physicians in the online pharmacies.
This constitutes a huge problem, because a lot of people on pain medications, for instance, now take the medication not necessarily to ease their pains, but because they are now dependent on the drug. In their thinking, pain toleration is distinct from taking their pain-killing drugs, which are, in essence, just helping them to get through their normal routine simply because they are now addicted to the pain-killers.
One negative aspect to buying Viagra tablets online with ease is that such habit, which is almost always unfettered, becomes dependent-inducing, just like the way a patient becomes addicted to a pain-killing drug after using the drug for a prolonged period. It is on record that a lot of people have gratuitously lost their lives just because of their addiction to a particular pain-killing drug.
In the same vein, any man who regularly orders Viagra tablets because he feels the need to always sexually satisfy his sexual partner runs the risk of becoming dependent on the diamond-shaped blue pills. A problem with taking ED treatment drug is that there is always the risk of priapism – that is a medical disorder which is characterised by a persistent and often painful penile erection when there is an absence of a sexual interest.
People who buy Viagra tablets online with no prescription are often at the risk of taking their personal health issues into their uninformed hands. However, having consultations with a medical practitioner before making the decision to order Viagra tablets online gives one the leverage of knowing when it is safe to take the drug.
Just as cases of fatalities from taking pain relievers have been reported, taking Viagra tablets with no prescription could invariably engender such grave result. While pharmaceutical companies might only talk about minor side effects that their drug produces, this might not be enough to deter prospective buyers from buying their drugs. Is it not worth it to have a slight headache, dizziness, etc, for example, as a trade off for the enormous sexual energy they could get from the drug? They might want to argue.
A certain fact about life is that we are all captives to the attrition of time, and while this feeling is tucked in a subconscious part of our minds, actually going through this phase is always a problem.
Any time we feel like we want to challenge the course of nature (when time has ebbed away our sexual prowess), however, a candid note of caution should be etched in all our minds: Consult your physician.
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Viagra, the citrate salt of sildenafil that has brought about a revolution in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, is a formulation by Pfizer that is said to have brought about a greater emphasis on improved sexual intercourse in a relationship.
Consider a typical Hollywood movie, a classic scenario where the depiction of sex is idealised. Is it not amazing how people make such sex scenes look so perfect, completely lacking in the portrayal of normal life’s awkward clumsiness and failure of one of either the male or the female to get the act of lovemaking right, in the least?
What this does is that it has the effect of unconsciously making the viewing public see sex in a perfect light, and this has made an increasing number of men to come forward to discuss what was once seen as a taboo topic: What to do when things are not going right in bed.
This is probably down to herd instinct, one would want to imagine.
Furedi, a professor from Kent University, opined that there has being a fundamental change in the attitude of people towards sex in the past thirty years. According to him, Sex in the City and entourage are especially two movies that have discussed sex in such frank and incredible manner, it apparently led to everybody coming forward to get prescriptions for Levitra, Cialis or Viagra, because of the pleasure they derived from watching such movies.
Technically speaking, erectile dysfunction drugs are designed to be prescribed for those people who have underlying medical conditions that have led to them having problems with having an erection. However, because of the great number of internet sites that have made the order for Viagra tablets online easy, there is a growing tendency for people to buy Viagra online with no prescription. In addition, the numerous myths around Viagra tablets, that have seen so many people viewing the drug as a solution to their quest of boosting their performance in the bedroom, have led to a increase the number of online order for Viagra tablets.
This unethical trend is especially prevalent among the younger generation, who are quick to point out that Viagra tablets give them that extra boost of confidence needed to go the extra mile in improving their sexual prowess.
According to statistics, the number of Viagra tablets prescribed by the National Health Service has increased from 1.5 million to about 2 million over the last year, an obvious increase in the projected expenditure to £70m.
Viagra should be made more available to prevent people from buying fake copies from dubious online pharmacies, some people have even argued.
.
What makes Viagra popular among the younger generation?
Viagra is not only popular because it is the first oral ED drug to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States, but because of its much vaunted success in producing very firm erection in a considerable percentage of men that are being treated for erectile dysfunction.
Consequent upon this, the belief, especially among young men, that a solid erection is fundamental to having great sex, could be a key factor in the increased interest in the diamond-shaped blue pills among this generation.
The physiological function of Viagra tablets is to correct a man’s erectile problem. This is enabled via the inhibition of the phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE 5). Through the release of nitric oxide (NO) in the corpus cavernosum of the penis, in addition to the inhibition of the PDE 5, the levels of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is raised. The raised levels of the cGMP allows for the relaxation of the smooth muscles and erection.
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Does Viagra improve the heart condition?
[mage source="flickr"]Does Viagra improve the heart condition?[/mage]
“me-too†Drugs: Good or Bad?
Introduction
A drug that is structurally very similar to already known drugs, with only minor differences. The term "me-too" carries a negative connotation. However, me-too products may create competition and drive prices down1.
The majority of the new products the industry puts out, are “me-too” drugs, which are almost identical to current treatments but “no better than drugs already on the market to treat the same condition.” Around 75 percent of new drugs approved by the FDA are me-too drugs. They can be less effective than current drugs, but as long as they’re more effective than a placebo, they can get the regulatory green light2.
This isn’t surprising at all, as someone who works in the field, but these so-called “me-too” drugs, which are reportedly better than their forebears, is driving costs. A “me-too” drug is a drug that has its origins in another drug. Probably the most famous example of this is Prilosec (“The Purple Pill”) and Nexium (“Today’s Purple Pill”). Prilosec’s active ingredient is omeprazole. Nexium’s active ingredient is called esomeprazole. The difference is that Nexium is the left-handed version of omeprazole. In chemistry, S stands for sinister, which means the molecular conformation has a left-handed orientation. (D would be right handed.) So this S-omeprazole is one half of the mixture that comprises its predecessor. By specifically picking only the S conformation, the drug is made more potent. This sounds great, but its efficacy is only marginally better than Prilosec-, which has a generic version, and costs about a third less than Nexium. Some other “me-too” drugs are: Claritin (loratidine) and Clarinex (desloratidine), Celexa (citalopram) and Lexapro (escitalopram)3.
What are "Me-Too" drugs?
Ever since the advent of modern chemotherapy, when drugs were discovered and developed through the process of screening thousands of molecules for a variety of disease conditions, using animal models, there has been a growing criticism that too many molecules were developed with similar chemical structure and the same pharmacological profile, with very little to distinguish them from each other in terms of their therapeutic utility. In other words, once the first breakthrough discovery is made of a new pharmacological activity for a new molecule, subsequent years saw the emergence of a host of new molecules or "me-too" drugs from the same chemical class and possessing the same pharmacological profile.
Such follow-up drugs have been termed molecular modifications, molecular roulettes or copycats, the development of which are alleged to be motivated by purely commercial considerations. They are also deemed to involve lower levels of innovation, compared to the original molecule. It is important to analyze in a historical perspective the end results of such efforts in different therapeutic areas of developing new molecular entities, as later generation products, after an initial breakthrough discovery has been made and the technical, medical and commercial merits of developing such drugs.
Development of "Me-Too" drugs
The success rate in the discovery of new chemical entities with fundamentally new chemical and biological profiles of activity are very low. In fact, even chemical entities within the same structural class of an approved drug are becoming rare now, compared to the period of sixties to eighties. In 2001, $ 26 billion was spent on developing new drugs and the U.S. FDA approved only 9 new chemical entities. At the same time, two thirds of the drugs approved from 1989 to 2000 were modified versions of existing drugs or even identical to those, in newer forms and formulations4.
Of the 1,035 drugs approved by FDA during 1989 to 2000, only 361 or 35% contained new active ingredients. Of these, only fewer than half were granted priority review status by the FDA. One impression is that these drugs are slightly altered versions of existing drugs, with little to offer in terms of better activity or tolerance, let alone new pharmacological profiles. The implication is that such drugs are developed, as patents on top-selling original drugs run out and not many truly new medicines are discovered. The indication that many of these drugs do not offer any major advantages over existing drugs is given by FDA's unwillingness to grant priority review for most of them.
On the other hand, conventionally, the Regulatory Agencies, including the FDA, are not obliged to consider better efficacy over existing drugs as a criterion for approval; rather, they require only the establishment of efficacy and safety of the new drug over a placebo.
How good are they?
Notwithstanding such perceptions, historically, many "me-too" drugs have proved to be considerably better than their original counterparts. Examples are a series of generations of beta-blockers, which came up after the original drug Propanalol was discovered by ICI, with most of them having merits in terms of better efficacy, cardio-selectivity and safety. Ranitidine, the first follow-up drug after the introduction of the first H-2 receptor antagonist, Cimetidine, was followed by Famotidine and in each case these "me-too" drugs had notable merits over the original drug.
Apart from the major breakthrough in the development of orally active beta lactam antibiotics of the Penicillin and Cephalosporin class, within the same oral derivatives, there have been considerable improvements brought about by change in the side chains incorporated by condensation of specific agents with 6-APA, 7-ADCA and 7-ACA. A whole new range of broad-spectrum antibiotics of these structural classes could thus be developed. In each of the major classes of antibiotics, classified according to the mechanisms of their action, namely inhibition of cell wall synthesis (Beta Lactams, Vancomycin), inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis (Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Streptomycin), inhibitors of DNA or RNA replication (Quinolones, Rifamycins), inhibition of Folate Coenzyme biosynthesis (Sulfa drugs, Trimethoprim), there have been several "me-too" drugs marketed.
An important recent example to show that 'me-too" drugs need to be developed is the case of the oral hypoglycemic drug Troglitazone, approved as an anti-diabetic drug in 1997. The drug was withdrawn from the market following reports of unacceptable hepato-toxicity. The follow-up "me-too" drugs, Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone are much less toxic and are today widely used. If these drugs were not developed, the withdrawal of Troglitazone would have left a major therapeutic gap in anti-diabetic therapy.
"Me-Too" drugs: Strategies for New Drug Research for Indian Companies
Breakthrough innovations in pharmaceutical industry, of new drugs, such as the first beta blocker, the first NSAID, the first of each class of Antibiotics, Calcium Channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, Sulfonyl Ureas, Biguanides, Insulin, Glitazones, Glinides, Tricyclic Anti Depressants,major and minor Traquillisers, Selective Serotonin Receptor inhibitors, H-1 and H-2 Receptor antagonists, Proton Pump inhibitors etc are relatively rare and even though a few of the original drugs under these classes are still very much in use, they have been superceded in most cases, by later generation products, many of them "me-too". The newer drugs are discovered both through incremental innovations on the original drugs as well as through new research.
Generally the original discovery leads to feverish activity both within the innovator company as well as in Competitors' laboratories, to develop better products in the same therapeutic category. The essential caveat for commercial success, however, is that the newly discovered molecules should meet the minimum standards of patentability. For example within three years of the discovery of the highly successful Sildinafil Citrate (Viagra), three more new versions for the same indications have been patented and developed5.
Me-too drugs also provide therapeutic advantage6. For the practicing physicians, there's the benefit of established drug MoA with a "me-too" medication, coupled with clinical studies that – hopefully – show patient-centered benefits such as better adverse events profiles, less frequent dosing, less bothersome potential for drug/drug interactions, and so forth. A "me-too" drug is a helluva lot easier to incorporate in practice than a totally novel medication7.
"Me-Too" drugs: The hidden dynamics
The most common criticism of drug development centers on the so-called "me-too" drugs that employ the same biological mechanism as pioneer brands. This involves a lot more than such high-profile targets as the anti-ulcer drug Nexium. We should be thinking about antidepressants, cholesterol-reducing drugs, diabetes treatments, anti-psychotics, and other therapeutic categories that have seen both blockbuster sales and rapid innovation. There is quite a bit of evidence that follow-on drugs do a lot of patients a lot of good. The newer statins, for example, often out-perform the older ones in clinical trials where the endpoints are the number of heart attacks and deaths prevented.
Me-too drugs are also a powerful tool for cutting health care costs. We should be glad that our research industry does not target only brand new biological mechanisms. That would be a very expensive business model indeed. Fortunately, the industry also works on marginal improvements, exploiting opportunities to make drug therapy better and sometimes opening the door to really radical improvements that happen to lie more or less next-door, scientifically speaking. In the meantime, we get price competition as a by-product. Me-too's almost always undercut the prices of the pioneer drugs.
Another part of the me-too story gets almost completely ignored even though it is extraordinary important. For me-too manufacturers, advancing the science is a way to gain a competitive advantage. The classic example is the statin class of cholesterol drugs. Research on one of the follow-on drugs (Pravachol) demonstrated for the first time that using a statin to reduce cholesterol would actually prevent deaths from heart attacks, something that had previously been assumed without proof. Additional trials for several statins, including Lipitor, the formidable challenger to Zocor and Pravachol, have demonstrated that serum cholesterol is far more important than almost anyone thought (for preventing strokes, for example).
There are lots of other stories about the benefits of new research from me-too drugs, but they are part of a larger story: new uses for old drugs. The data showing a slowdown in new drug approvals exclude essential information: discoveries of new uses for old drugs. This kind of discovery has become so common that it amounts to a "new-use" revolution. One of the scientific ironies of the new era of pharmaceutical research is that as drugs become more tightly targeted on biological mechanisms, their uses actually become more diverse. This is because the body typically uses specific mechanisms over and over again, sometimes in what appear to be completely unrelated ways.
Consider the SSRI antidepressants. A recent Science article on the diverse and unexpected applications of drugs that fiddle with serotonin reuptake which is what the SSRIs do concluded that the very term "antidepressant" is misleading because there is no scientific reason to think of this drug as being just for depression. Fighting depression just happened to be the first really useful condition that was explored for this very interesting class of drugs.
Another example is the Cox-2 inhibitors like Celebrex (and Vioxx, which is important in this story and may return to the market partly for this reason). These were invented to relieve arthritis pain. But the Cox-2 enzyme turns out to be important for lots of things including cancer and Alzheimer's. Clinical trials to exploit these leads have been underway for years. Celebrex has already been approved for reducing the risk of colorectal cancer, and Vioxx has also achieved promising results. Of course, the big news recently has been that these drugs may cause heart attacks. But even here, me-too economics is of surpassing importance. The traditional NSAIDS (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like Alleve and Advil may have the same heart attack risks. The potential risk has been there for decades, but only the new drugs-the Cox-2s-have been put through large-scale long-term clinical trials because those are the only ones still under patent. This is an example of how me-too drug development adds importantly to the research base. Thanks to the me-too's, we are learning about NSAIDs, heart attacks, cancer and probably much more.
Also dominated by new uses are the new-targeted cancer drugs, which attack such specific biological mechanisms that they avoid killing every fast-growing cell in sight (as traditional chemotherapy tends to do).
The implications are clear. The annual count of new drug approvals will only show a tick when a new cancer drug or a new statin gets its very first approval. But a new use for an old drug can be as valuable as an entirely new drug, or even more valuable when you consider that we know more about the safety profile of old drugs and one drug will sometimes do the work of two (preventing both heart attacks and strokes, for example)8.
Me-too products can sometimes have important advantages on tolerability or dosing. It could help create more competition and lower the price. If you have five me-toos, possibly the sixth is something that is a little better. That is for the plans to decide on behalf of their patients. And even if it has the same mechanism of action, more competition could help drive down the price of the entire class. That’s an important influence, with potentially an improvement in health from greater access.
How bad are they?
Even though the major problem of antibiotic therapy, namely drug resistance cannot be addressed by the development of "me-too" drugs, due to the propensity of the same class to develop cross resistance; in most cases, the new semi-synthetic derivatives had distinct advantages over the earlier ones. Thus, for example, the first generation Cephalosporins are useful for gram-positive infections, while the second-generation drugs cover a broader spectrum including gram-negative organisms. The third generation drugs provide resistance against the beta lactamase enzyme, as well as acting against some of the most intractable infections, such as those caused by Pseudomonas and Klebsiella strains.
Even while the pharmaceutical industry turns out families of me-too drugs for relatively mild conditions in affluent people, it pays almost no attention to serious diseases, such as malaria, affecting impoverished people. It also gives short shrift to less profitable drugs, so there now are shortages of some vaccines and life-saving drugs9.
The big problem with me-too drugs is that they are chemically very similar to other drugs already available, yet they are marketed as if they were important new breakthroughs, with very high prices. Many new, expensive me-too drugs are not necessarily better than older and less expensive drugs. Most of the time they are compared with placebos and not older drug comparisons.
"Me-too" drugs are responsible for 80% of increased spending in recent years, and on average they are four times more expensive than the comparable, older alternatives10. By Patented Medicines Pricing Review Board's (PMPRB) definitions, at the time of their introduction “me-too” drugs were judged to provide moderate, little or no improvement – in terms of effectiveness and safety – compared to older alternatives. However, on average, “me-too” drugs cost about 2.5 times as much per prescription as comparable older drugs. The question is whether the perceived or real differences justify the increased costs. New drugs do have a role in some situations and for some patients. However, it makes sense to use the older equally effective drugs whenever possible11.
Changing FDA rules to discourage me-too drug approvals would make R&D far more expensive, would discourage competition and therefore raise healthcare costs, and would forestall the wave of new research that has revolutionized our scientific understanding of the therapeutic categories where competition has been most intense.
Conclusion
New drugs are not required to improve on old ones, and there’s usually no way to know whether they do. Although the FDA must test drugs before they are marketed, they don’t need to be compared with similar drugs already on the market. The FDA only requires they be reasonably safe and better than nothing-a low standard indeed. This loophole in FDA regulations opens the door for an unlimited number of me-too drugs, which are easier to develop than innovative drugs.
Given everything, it should come as no surprise that these more expensive “me-too” drugs cost the medical industry money. The prevalence of the me-too's really says an awful lot about the lack of innovation within the pharmaceutical industry. If you look at the new drugs marketed over the last six years, 78 percent weren't even new chemical compounds. They were just new combinations or different formulations of old drugs. And 68 percent were classified by the F.D.A. as unlikely to be improvements over drugs already on pharmacy shelves.
At the same time, there are shortages of some important drugs that the pharmaceutical companies aren't much interested in making because they are not as profitable as the me-too's. But the companies don't have to turn out needed drugs, if they are not lucrative. And they don't.
References
1. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=33748
2. http://www.motherjones.com/news/qa/2004/09/09_401.html
3. http://polyscience.org/2005/09/me-too-drugs
4. http://www.shvoong.com/books/465475-me-too-drugs
5. http://www.pharmabiz.com/article/detnews.asp?SecArch=&articleid=14604§ionid=46
6. http://direct.bl.uk/bld/PlaceOrder.do?UIN=162532605&ETOC=RN&from=searchengine
7. http://www.archivum.info/sci.med/2005-09/msg00257.html
8. http://www.aei.org/publications/filter.all,pubID.27443/pub_detail.asp
9. http://blogs.wsj.com/health/2007/05/17/in-praise-of-me-too-drugs
10. http://www.chepa.org/KnowledgeExchange/LabelleLectureship/tabid/84/Default.aspx
11. http://www.ti.ubc.ca/pages/letter59.html
Viagra amplifies the effects of a heart-protective protein
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All You Need to Know About Low Libido
What Causes Low Sex Drive? What Can You Do?
If you're a man in mid life experiencing reduced sexual desire you're not alone. Surveys show as many as 25% of men experience reduced sex drive and low sex drive affects one in three marriages. When low sex drive is mentioned, the spouse with the problem is usually categorized as the wife. However, there are many husbands who aren't interested in sex with their wives. And there is plenty you can do to boost low libido and restore normal desire.
Low Sex Drive More Common Than You Think
Men find it hard to admit to or talk about low sex drive because being sexual is so much part of being a man. But low sex drive is a more common problem than you might think. Declining testosterone levels as a natural consequence of aging, plus stress from work and family demands can add up to sexual burn out. Sexual therapists report increasing numbers of men who experience low libido – and it's often made worse because people find it so difficult to talk about. § Complaints about low desire are the No 1 problem brought to sex therapists.
Low Libido – You Don't Have to Put Up With It
Whether lack of desire originates with husband or wife, the end result is the same. There is a lack of physical contact, which is experienced by the other partner as the ultimate rejection. Many couples think they are the only ones with the problem. They feel as though nothing can be done about it. But low libido is a problem that's actually increased with the stresses of modern life – and sex is such a vital part of our lives no one should accept it's "all over". So if anyone tells you that a declining sex drive is something that you just have to put up with as you get older – they're wrong.
Low Libido – What You Can Do About It If anyone tells you that low libido is something that you just have to put up with as you get older – they're wrong. Thousands of men and women are discovering the benefits of natural sex boosters like tribulus terrestris, horny goat weed, maca, muira puama, and ginseng. Modern science and traditional medicine have joined forces to show how popular natural sex boosters work. Many of the active ingredients in traditional herbs have been investigated to work out just what it is in the herb which gives the good results. Those ingredients, in the form pure measurable active extracts, are now available in dietary supplement capsule which are easy to take and don't cost a lot. However do not expect these natural products to work as quickly as pharmaceuticals, Natural sex boosters work a little slower, and while they may take a few days to work, they often provide additional benefits such as boosting libido and enhancing sensations.
Low Libido – Five Steps to Boost Desire Just Do It – frequent sex helps jump start desire.
§ Tailor activity to hormonal highs: Men's testosterone, a primary hormone responsible for sexual desire, peaks at 7 to 8 in the morning.
§ Don't bury your head in the sand. Ignoring the problem isn't healthy. You need to get help.
§ Talk about what you need. § Don't keep score. Stop the blame game. It's a couple problem that requires change from both of you.
Low Libido Is NOT Impotence Low libido is the same as low sex drive – but not the same thing as impotence or erectile dysfunction. Impotence or ED is wanting to have sex but not being able to carry through on the desire. Low libido is having little desire for sex even if you are capable of achieving erections. Causes of Low Libido in Men The causes ofLow Libido in men are physical and psychological.
Physical Causes of Low Libido
§ Alcoholism – most common § Drug abuse – cocaine and marijuana § Obesity – common
§ Diabetes or other "major" disease
§ Prescribed drugs, particularly Proscar, a tablet used for prostate problems
§ Low testosterone levels
§ Thyroid disease Psychological Causes of Low Libido
§ Depression – most common § Stress and overwork
§ Performance anxiety § Latent gayness § Serious relationship problems What Can You Do About Low Libido in Men
§ Check hormone levels
§ Have a health examination
§ Get testosterone supplementation if necessary § Consider supplements
§ Lose weight
§ Exercise
§ Control stress § Stop smoking
Check Hormone Levels
Men should have testosterone, DHEA and other androgen levels checked whenever there is any noticeable reduction in sex drive.
Have a Health Examination
Low sex drive may be the result of a thyroid condition,diabetes, hypertension, high blood pressure or other major illness. You should also discuss what other medications you are taking, because some anti depressants, tranquilizers and antihypertensive drugs as well as illegal drugs like marijuana and cocaine can reduce sex drive.
Get Testosterone Supplementation if Needed For
Men, lifting testosterone levels can make a big difference in restoring libido and sex drive to normal levels. Testosterone is available in pill or patch form, or can be accessed by taking herbal formulas like proprietary supplement Herbal Ignite, containing Tribulus Terrestris.
Consider Supplements to Help Low Libido
Increasingly herbs which have been used traditionally by ancient peoples for thousands of years are being identified in modern science as useful for sexual enhancement.
Herb Name Herb Information
Avena Sativa Wild oats. Helps with stress, has been used to help nicotine withdrawal, improves sex drive.
Tribulus terrestris Stimulates the body to produce more testosterone rather than introducing a synthetic form.
Damiana This South America shrub has a testosterone-like effect and has long been associated with increasing male potency.
Gingko Biloba Used in the East for thousands of years. Research has shown it improves depression, circulation and blood flow to the brain.
Horny Goat Weed A popular herb for improving sexual function.
Yohimbe A hormone stimulant that increases libido and blood flow to erectile tissue Not available only in some regions because of the side effects which can include anxiety, panic attacks, and hallucinations, elevated blood pressure heart rate and headaches.
Zinc An essential mineral for prostate gland function and the reproductive
health. Do not take more than 100mg a day.
Saw palmetto Excellent herb for prostate health, sexual functioning and desire.
Guarana South American shrub used as a stimulant.
Ginseng Used throughout the Far East as a general tonic to give extra energy and strength. Beneficial for people with diabetes.
Lose Weight to Help Improve Low Libido Easier said than done for sure, but the uncomfortable reality is big bellied men have flagging libido. Men with a 42 inch (106 cm) waist are more than twice as likely to have erectile problems andLow Libidothan those with smaller girths, according to a study of 2000 men aged 51 to 88. According to Larrian Gillespie MD author of The Gladiator Diet "for men, losing as little as ten pounds can have a dramatic effect on sex drive." As the balance of body fat reduces, the more free circulating testosterone there is available to fuel sex drive.
The Gladiator Diet is based on a diet that should be 40% protein, 35% carbohydrates and 25% fats taken in six small meals a day.
§ Forget low carb fad diets. Only a diet that includes protein and carbs produces enough serotonin "the male hormone of bliss" according to Jed Diamond, author of The Irritable Male Syndrome – Managing the 4 Key Causes of Male Depression and Aggression.www.menalive.com
§ Alcohol gives serotonin a temporary bump but then dramatically lowers it, so it pays to go easy on booze.
§ To maximize testosterone, Diamond says, stay away from coffee, licorice and diet sweeteners.
Exercise to help Improve Low Libido Research shows inactive men are more likely to suffer Erectile Dysfunctionthan men who exercise for at least 30 minutes a day.
Five Essential Habits for Stress Control
§ Develop your relaxation skills § Pay attention to physical health
§ Become a time management expert
§ Exercise regularly
§ Prioritize commitments and responsibilities
Check out these stress tests for a range of tests you can take to learn more about your own stress levels and ability to cope. Or try the free stress test at Stress Canada and find out whether you are a Speed Freak, a Loner or a Drifter – three of five stress types identified in research.
Stop Smoking to Help Improve Low Libido
Smoking can lower testosterone and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, aneurysms, and hypertension because of elevated cholesterol levels. You can also add impotency to that group, as elevated cholesterol clogs the sensitive small blood vessels responsible for trapping blood in the penis during an erection.
Don't Put Up with Low Libido
You don't have to be the one staying up watching TV, waiting for your partner to go to bed first, hoping she'll (or he) will be asleep before you get to bed. You don't have to put up with the guilt of feeling you can't respond and that you can't talk about it either. Many men take years to admit there is a problem and get around to doing something about it. Consult your health practitioner, research possible dietary supplements on the web, or talk to your pharmacist, and take action for a fuller and more enjoyable sex life.
Filed under Blog, Impotence, Sildenafil Citrate by
Smoking- a Prominent Cause of Impotence
I and my roomy Mark had been living together for years. Mark was my very close friend from the school days. We used to enjoy and party every weekend. Mark was addicted to smoking; he used to have at least 10-15 cigarettes a day.
Once, while we were having drinks, he told me that he was having problems in erection from the last one month. The news came as a shock to me, despite his several efforts mark couldn’t achieve an erection. I can see the embarrassment on Mark’s face while he kept on telling me about the problem.
We decided to consult a doctor; the doctor listened to Mark carefully and told him strictly to quit smoking. Then he sent Mark for a few diagnostic tests. On seeing the test reports, he told Mark that he was suffering from a very common problem in men called Erectile Dysfunction(ED). He explained that it was a condition in which men found it difficult to get and maintain an erection for satisfactory sexual intercourse He immediately prescribed Viagra, a drug needs to be taken 30 minutes prior to sexual activity for a satisfying erection.
The doctor further explained Mark how smoking leads to Impotence.
When a man is sexually aroused, his body temperature starts to rise. This allows the blood to get into every part of his body, especially to the penis. As the penis continues to gather more and more blood, he attains an erection. If the blood flow to the penis is lessened, this will make it hard for him to maintain his erection.
According to doctor’s smoking lessens the blood flow into a man's penis by blocking key arteries. Not only does smoking lessen the blood flow, it also restricts it. This restriction of blood flow is caused by nicotine, a chemical found in cigarettes, and is said to be the reason why one gets addicted to it.
Once the brain becomes stimulated by the nicotine, blood flow to the penis becomes restricted and the valve mechanism that stores blood in the penis becomes impaired. The other effects of smoking in the penis includes reduced amount of ejaculation, lowered sperm count, abnormal sperm shape, and impaired sperm mobility.
How To Get A Bigger Penis – Follow This Info!
In October 2007 the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) requested for changes to be made to the label of Viagra. The modification, which included warnings about sudden hearing loss associated with the use of the drug, was necessitated after the FDA had received 29 reports of patients who experienced such loss within hours to two days of taking real Viagra tablets.
Because the majority of men who buy Viagra online safely are older, it is not uncommon for this patient population to experience loss of hearing. However, this is usually a gradual process, and sudden loss of hearing is uncommon. The FDA reported that the sudden loss of hearing associated with Viagra was accompanied by tinnitus, a ringing or roaring in the ear, usually caused by damage to the hair cells of the inner ear, and dizziness. The 29 cases reported involved hearing loss in one ear, while a third of these cases were temporary.
During the testing for Viagra’s pre-approval, there were reported cases of hearing loss. And this prompted a one-word mention of “deafness” as a potential side effect on the former Viagra label. In contrast, any one who buys Viagra cheap does so with the very high likelihood of seeing the new warning on sudden hearing loss being included in both the “Adverse Reactions” and “Precautions” sections of the label. What this implies is that the “Precautions” and the “Adverse Reactions” sections now carry instructions that advise doctors to warn their patients of the possibility of hearing loss respectively.
Loss of Vision through Viagra
US researchers, in a recent study, mentioned seven patients who developed nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), after taking Viagra, the citrate salt of Sildenafil, for their erectile problems. The seven reported cases of NAION, an eye ailment that can result in permanent vision loss, when combined with past reports bring to 14 the total number of such cases.
According to the co-author of the study, Dr. Howard D. Pomeranz, it had been known that a number of men who take Viagra will experience short-term color changes in their vision, seeing things as either green or blue. All the patients developed symptoms within 24 hours after using Viagra, with the exception of one patient whose symptoms began 24 to 36 hours after using the drug. The initial symptoms were blurred vision and some degree of vision loss in all the patients. Also, all the patients were affected in one eye, except for one of them who had both eyes affected. Because three patients already had eye problems prior to taking best Viagra tablets, it was possible that their conditions might have increased their risk of developing NAION.
The world's largest maker of drug, Pfizer Inc., asserted that it was likely for U.S. regulators to require a label that warns that real Viagra tablets have been linked to reports of blindness and vision loss in at least one in a million of people who use the magic blue pills. The Food and Drug Administration has received 38 reports of the blindness among users of best Viagra tablets. And Pfizer has been discussing with the US Food and Drug Administration about including the disclosure to the label of Viagra to clearly inform the public about the rare cases of the drug causing blindness among its users.
For anyone who has taken Viagra tablets online, and develops NAION or other side effects, a form for a free case evaluation by a qualified drug side effects attorney is usually given out to the person to fill out.
Also, the warnings about such side effects as NAION and erections that last more than four hours, are the same for the three popular PDE 5 anti-impotence drugs.
Filed under Side Effects, Viagra Side Effects by
Viagra is the popular erectile dysfunction treatment manufactured by Pfizer. An enormously successful drug which has been effective in making millions of men achieve rock-hard erection, cheap Viagra tablets were accidentally discovered by a group of pharmaceutical chemists working in Pfizer’s research facility in Sandwich, Kent.
Such is the potency of the blue pills that it is generally believed that men who use real Viagra tablets to correct their erectile problems, are also indirectly remedying the emotional issues that could be engendered by the ED.
Viagra tablets online prolong erection for up to four hours by slowing down the rate at which the blood that enters the cigar-shaped, tubular structures in the penis – known as the corpus cavernosa – through the constriction of the veins. This allows for the trapping of the blood in the penis.
In recent times, there is a growing myth associated with the drug as an effective treatment for a host of other sexual dysfunctions, especially in the area of prolonging ejaculation, and this has resulted in more and more people looking to buy Viagra cheap online in the hope of solving their sexual problems.
However, people who buy Viagra online with no prescription have been advised against doing so, as it not only contravenes Pfizer’s edict for the drug to be sold on prescription, but it poses a great menace to the health of the user.
Rather than the advice quelling this notion, though, a new wave of belief could be driving the sale of Viagra tablets in the UK. According to a host of websites that hold discussion platforms on sexual dysfunction issues, feelings about the ability of the drug to increase the size of the penis have been streaming into the sites from readers.
A respondent, in answering to the issue, cautioned that buying Viagra online next day delivery as a penis enlargement drug was not the way to go, though the diamond-shaped blue tablets could be potent in producing erection.
However, the respondent added that what most of the readers experienced might have been the actual sizes of their fully erect penises, and that the penises had been stretched beyond the partially erect state they normally experienced without the aid of Viagra tablets online. The dozens of reports still being sent about how readers feel that their penises became bigger after using Viagra, indicate that this feeling is not about to diminish anytime soon.
"My wife said that my penis felt bigger than it has ever been, after I used Viagra pills."
"My girlfriend has noticed a marked improvement on both the thickness and length of my penis."
"My penis is bigger and harder than ever before and my shoots are farther than it has ever been because of Viagra."
"I’m bigger and longer in size and I last much longer than I used to, since I started using Viagra."
Could all these be true? One would ask.
These reports, if they are to be believed, could be responded to by still corroborating the earlier impression thus: Anyone experiencing for the first time such a full erection as produced by herbal Viagra tablets, could have a feeling of apparent increase in the size of his penis, a feeling that his normally partially erect penis wouldn’t have given. In addition, being so hard could actually feel like the penis has grown bigger to the partner.
To put this discussion to bed, suffice it to say that no clinical studies exist to buttress the feeling that Viagra enlarges the penis. If the consistency of these reports is anything to go by, however, the issue should be researched on.
Filed under Penis Enlargement by
Is Viagra better than Cialis and Levitra?
[mage source="flickr"]Is Viagra better than Cialis and Levitra?[/mage]
Is Male Enhancement Right to Increase Men Penile Size
Male enhancement works for many men. There are many male enlargement products that are clinically tested and doctor approved. Penis enlargement products increase men penis size from 3 to 5 inches. Some of men do not reach this length but some do. It depends on how often you use it. To protect your sexual life with your partner, men should try penis enhancement products to enlarge their penile sizes. No matter who can use a device of traction, and there is no restriction of kind on what makes with a better man adapted to employ them. Those – are strongly recommended for the men who are interested by results of quality, and which do not have any exit with taking their time. Permanent profits are made slowly above much month, thus if you are laid out with being patient, you are well adapted to this method.
The majority of the men consider if they should have the improvement of penis at a certain point in their lives. And when they look in him, they inevitably find the variety of methods available for the goal. The quantity of information available can make your principal rotation! You are a good candidate for the surgery of improvement of penis if you are in relatively good physical health, and have the moment for the process of re-establishment. Since the surgery is relatively invahissante, to have a strong constitution makes you a better candidate, because you will be far less likely from the secondary infection. The smokers tend to have a rate much slower of cure according to how long they had smoked.
Single of the attention: if you have medical conditions for which you take the drug, consult your doctor before taking supplements. Although all ingredients in VigRX are normal, Ginsing can interfere of other drugs – consult your doctor to make sure that there is no conflict. If you have medical conditions for which you take the drug (such as hypertension), or take sedatives or antidepressant, you will want certainly to check with your doctor before taking supplements of improvement of penis. Although these supplements are completely normal, the ingredients of sweet herbs are also strongly effective, and can affect other drugs. While it is the best to avoid Yohimbe strictly if you know have a cardiac disorder of kind, it is still possible to employ other supplements which do not contain Yohimbe, such as VigRX. VigRX has no Yohimbe that contains in it.
Always check the ingredients with your doctor before employing any new supplement. For example, VigRX contains the extract of sheet of Epimedium, used during more than 2000 years like sexual and reproductive tonic, and acts in the multiple ways to increase the capacity, the size, and the plenitude of construction. Epimedium contains a icariin called flavono. Icariin is an inhibitor PDE5 cGMP-specific just like one found in the drugs delivered on ordinance Viagra, Cialis and Levitra. A study at the university of Beijing in China (where Epimedium develops naturally) noted that this inhibitor can be developed in effective oral treatment for rectiles difficulties.
How happy seeing your penis size larger in length. The answer is to use natural male enhancement products. You should try the great male enhancement products as you have seen on TV.
Better Sex Than Viagra and Cialis
Filed under Cialis and Levitra, Impotence, Sildenafil Citrate by
It is now common knowledge that a lot of men, who normally would have being suffering in silence before the advent of Viagra more than ten years ago, are now willingly coming forward to discuss their impotent condition with their doctors. This is in no doubt informed by the enormous success recorded by the drug, and what is more had seen millions of men now on Viagra prescription.
The import of this is that companies in different parts of the world are now embarking on vigorous and extensive researches to formulate drugs which will not only be cheaper than Viagra, but will also serve as an effective alternative for the drug. These efforts seem to be paying off so far, with the formulation of herbal Viagra particularly proving a success.
Coupled with the tendency of most humans to believe that any medicines which are either not herbal or natural always have side effects, the need for an herbal alternative that is tailored towards this attitude has greatly informed the researches towards formulating herbal alternatives.
Viagra is a chemical formulation that is chiefly constituted of the citrate salt of sildenafil. Manufactured by Pfizer, Inc., the biggest drug maker in the world, Viagra tablets in the UK are at times in the news because of safety issues associated with their use.
Common side effects reported with the use of Viagra, which include facial flushing, stomach upset, and some more common severe effects like vision impairment, have further lent credence to the need for a safer herbal alternative.
What is herbal Viagra?
The name herbal Viagra, a generic name for any product of herbal origin that treats erectile dysfunction, is taken from the Viagra brand name.
A particular herbal Viagra, Duro, contains a fungus extract obtained from the larval remains of silkworms. Said to be beneficial to both sportsmen and women through the improvement of their stamina, Duro, like a lot of other herbal remedies, originate from an ancient tribe. Mapuche Viagra is another herbal remedy originating from the ancient Mapuche tribe in Chile.
Unlike buying Viagra online for its Sildenafil Citrate constituent, herbal Viagra are constituted of totally different ingredients, which is contrary to what the name suggests.
Why the name ‘herbal Viagra’?
Because of its seeming synonymy with the upside of erectile dysfunction, the Viagra brand has become such an attraction for many drugs designed to treat erectile dysfunction. As a result, most drug sellers who not only want to lure people who want to buy Viagra cheap prices to their site, but also look to send a short but precise message of the erection potential of their drug, take advantage of the Viagra brand.
Does herbal Viagra have side effects?
Because of the general notion that anything herbal usually does not have side effects, herbal Viagra tablets are possibly believed to be without side effects. However, the herbal Viagra have some dangerous side effects. Primarily, herbal Viagra tablets can restrict blood flow to vital organs of the body and they can often fatally lower the blood pressure. Also, evidence exists that preparation of some herbal Viagra tablets could be toxic if taken in larger doses.
Where can one get herbal Viagra tablets?
Predominantly sold over the internet, statistics have shown that about 1 in every 25 email messages sent offered herbal Viagra and some other herbal remedies to email users in 2003.
How safe is herbal Viagra?
Todd B. Nippoldt, M.D., in responding to this question wrote that because of the less than rigorous standards for formulating herbal supplements, it is not possible to endorse the safety of the so called ‘herbal Viagra’.
Though a lot of herbal products are marketed as sexual stimulants that are natural versions of Viagra, they do not come as prescribed like Viagra, which is also more specific for the blood vessels to the penis.
Filed under Herbal Viagra by
No matter the situation we find ourselves in, we more often than not would strive for the best bargain for what we want. Why then should our search for buy Viagra tablets in the UK be different?
Is it not true that the forces of demand and supply are what always determine how things work in this world? What this means is that when there is demand, there would be supply.
What also holds true for how things work is getting the greatest gain for the least amount paid. The import of this is that for anything one has to sell, there are chances someone else is selling cheaper.
Compare shopping.
So how does one exactly find the best place to buy Viagra cheap prices in the UK? It’s really simple: Do what others do by comparing prices. However, before you go ordering what looks to be the cheapest Viagra online, there are certain “dos” and “don’ts” you have to adhere to.
Some of the important things one needs to ensure are the genuineness of the sellers in getting the drug across to one and that one is not being lied to about the price.
Also one should be wary of hidden charges. Before one can buy Viagra online cheap, one might one to see if the shipping rate is fair enough and that the rate has not been inflated to make money off the buy.
If one is cautious enough in knowing what to look for, one should be able to buy Viagra cheap prices.
Keeping it Safe
Fraudulent practices can actually be a bit difficult to resolve. This is because of the obvious reason that making a web site look legitimate does not really take much effort. In fact, telling a false Viagra seller from the real one can be almost impossible.
When in doubt about the legitimacy of a website, however, one’s best bet is to keep away from the site until one can find ways of verifying its authenticity. A way of finding out is to check back on the website a few months after one has just discovered the site. If the site no longer exists, chances are that the site is a fake.
Viagra tablets UK
One other good thing to do is to check if any one is reporting a bad experience from using Viagra tablets in the UK in any online fora that discuss such relevant topic.
One can also try tracking down any person that has encountered problems from patronising a website.
The unfortunate thing is that no sure fire way exists for knowing, so one will eventually have to face up to the risk.
How to watch out for hidden fees
The best way to look out for hidden fees is to get to the final stage of check out to ensure that nothing new has shown up in the calculation. Reading all of the fine print is another recommended practice.
While this is a dreadful act, there is no law against hiding additional charges in fine print, and it is possible that dishonest sellers may want to exploit this.
Checking for such phrases as ware housing cost and other subtle but senseless things that can incur charges is also a good practice. Remember that a vigilant eye, in most cases, can help guard against fraudulent practices.
The shipping cost is an important aspect that has to be considered when trying to get the best bargain for Viagra tablets in the UK. A practice that is common among sellers is to use excessive shipping costs as a way of making up for a loss on the sale of a product. Though shipping costs are normally expensive, some sellers’ charges are especially over-the-top.
If the shipping rate is fair enough, while taking into account the other charges, it is possible one would be making he getting the best bargain for Viagra in the UK.
Filed under UK Viagra by
Viagra, the popular drug that was accidentally discovered by a group of pharmaceutical chemists working at Pfizer's Sandwich, Kent, research facility in England, is a drug that seems to have a penchant for hogging the headlines since gaining approval as the first oral erectile dysfunction drug in 1998. If not in the news for its success in the treatment of men who are experiencing erectile dysfunction, it is in the news because of the rare side effects it produces in people who buy Viagra cheap online.
Only recently in 2007, a pilot scheme to sell Viagra over the counter was given a trial run by boots the chemist. Under the scheme, the drug would be made available to men between the ages of 30 and 65 who want to buy Viagra online without prescription.
The headline-grabbing ability continues with a report that suggested that buying Viagra tablets may help a man’s heart. According to the report, two studies conducted in San Francisco on the 19th of May showed that the erectile dysfunction drug may help a man’s heart, and men with high blood pressure stand the risk of becoming impotent.
Daniel T. Lackland, professor of epidemiology and medicine at the University of South Carolina in Charleston, was of the opinion that older and middle-aged men stood a higher risk of having erectile dysfunction, and the likelihood of not having their blood pressure under control was more in this same group of men.
Lackland added that the studies showed that it was important for men with erectile dysfunction to have their blood pressure checked and then controlled. The mere treatment of ED, the studies also showed, could improve aortic stiffness."
A report by Greek researchers at the American Society of Hypertension's 20th Annual Scientific Meeting and Exposition showed that Viagra reduces blood vessels stiffness – an indicator of atherosclerosis and a risk factor for heart disease – when used to treat impotent men who have high blood pressure.
According to statistics, about 65 million Americans have high blood pressure, a risk factor for kidney disease, stroke and heart disease. And it is believed that about 20 million men in America have some degree of erectile dysfunction.
The Connection between Blood Pressure and Erectile Dysfunction
Blood pressure and ED are not only connected, Greek researchers say, but for men who have high blood pressure, the risk of erectile dysfunction, when compared to men with normal blood pressure, is more than twice as high.
Michael Doumas, MD, from the fourth department of internal medicine at the University of Athens in Greece, in explaining the determination of their research, said that men with high blood pressure have a greater chance of being at risk for or having erectile dysfunction."
358 hypertensive men between the ages of 31 and 65 were involved in the study. According to the International Index of Erectile Function, the men were asked to complete a questionnaire that evaluated erectile dysfunction, after which they were compared with a group of men without high blood pressure by the researchers.
ED and Hypertension
Out of the thirty-five percent of men with high blood pressure with some degree of erectile dysfunction, about 9.2% of them were reported to have severe impotence.
Out of the men that have high blood pressure, 20% had erectile dysfunction and 89 had never used hypertension medications. Among these men:
• 160 were taking blood pressure drug and 36% suffered from erectile dysfunction.
• 107 were using two or more drugs to control their blood pressure, while 47% of these men suffered from ED.
In contrast, 14.1% of men that didn’t have high blood pressure had a certain degree of the condition, with 1.5% of these having severe impotence.
Filed under Prescription Viagra, Sildenafil Citrate by
Sildenafil Citrate is the active ingredient in the world’s most popular Erectile Dysfunction drug – Viagra. Originally developed as a means of treating pulmonary arterial hypertension, Sildenafil was discovered to be capable of producing firm erection in men. After further studying and testing the product, Sildenafil Citrate was approved by the Food and Drug Administration as the first oral treatment for erectile dysfunction in 1998. Though Boots the Chemist piloted a scheme to make the drug available to those who want to buy Viagra online with no prescription in 2007, Sildenafil is a prescription drug.
What is the impact of sildenafil citrate on the ED treatment market?
Viagra tablets, since hitting the market, have caused quite a sensation. Such is the success story of this drug in filling a gap in the ED market that other rival companies have formulated other drugs to boost the ranks of oral erectile dysfunction treatment. Notable among these rival drugs are Tadalafil – brand name Cialis – and Vardenafil – brand name Levitra. Also, some manufacturers are cashing in on the sildenafil brand using generic names to lure those who want to buy Viagra cheap prices to their sites.
Explaining the erectile effect of Sildenafil Citrate in medical terms.
Sildenafil citrate works by releasing nitric oxide in the corpus cavernosum of the penis. The nitric oxide binds to the receptors of the enzyme guanylate cyclase, after which the levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are raised with the subsequent relaxation of the muscles and increased blood flow and erection.
Explaining Sildenafil Citrate effects in Laymen terms
To the lay man, sildenafil works in the most natural and casual way in bringing about a stronger and longer penis erection.
For one to understand how Sildenafil works, one must first understand the process involved in penis erection. An easy way to grasp this is to mentally picture a balloon. A limp balloon has no air in it. Inflation of the limp balloon with just a little air makes it become swollen and rigid.
Erection of the penis is similar to the balloon. However, the penis uses pressurised blood instead of the pressurised air to become rigid. Present in the penis are two long tubes shaped like cigars. These cigar-like structures are known as the corpora cavernosa and they are what the penis uses to achieve erection. The arteries do their work by bringing blood into the two tubes, while the blood is taken away from the tubes by the veins.
The limpness or erection of the penis depends on the flow of blood into the corpus cavernosum.
For a flaccid penis, the arteries are somewhat constricted, while the veins are open. In this way no blood can build up in the penis, thus allowing for the penis to remain in its limp state. A sexually aroused man would experience the opening up of the arteries going to his penis to allow for the pressurised blood to flow into the penis. The veins going out of his penis constrict or close off and the pressurised blood becomes trapped in the cigar-like tubes and the penis elongates and stiffens subsequently. In this way, the penis has attained erection.
What physiological changes can cause erectile dysfunction?
For a sexually aroused man whose arteries – which take blood into the cigar-like tubes in the penis – fail to open up properly, the blood flow to the corpus cavernosum is restricted. Similarly, if the man veins carrying blood away from the corpus cavernosum fail to constrict, the blood flow out of the penis is rapid. In these two situations, erection would fail to occur.
Filed under Sildenafil Citrate by
Viagra and generic Viagra in focus.
[mage source="flickr"]Viagra and generic Viagra in focus.[/mage]
Remain Fit With Regular Lovemaking
Are you sick and tired of going to the gym? Do you really want to lose weight without running on the treadmills, long walking, being on Atkins diet or taking diet pills like Acomplia? Here is an easy and highly recommended and proven solution for you! Have sex everyday and keep weight at bay or rather put it this way- sexercise is the best exercise.
Sexercise" is an unbeatable sway to stay slim and maintain weight. Combining sex and fitness is like killing two birds with one stone. Sex gets you fit. And being fit makes you want to have more sex. This is, in large part, because of all of the benefits a good sexercise routine offers, like: improved blood flow in strengthening your heart, better cholesterol, changing more of your bad cholesterol (LDL) to good cholesterol (HDL), weight control, better sleep and greater energy, including longer life and a better quality of life.
Not only has this, sexual fitness kept a women more attractive and rejuvenated, since they produce more estrogen. Sex provides shinier, smoother hair, glossy skin and a lot of energy. Both sexes glow as their skin pores become cleansed, thanks to sweating. They feel sexier than ever.
According to studies 30 minutes sex burns anywhere from 15-350 calories, depending on how physically active you are. This is the equivalent of calories burned during a half an hour of brisk walking, running, or lifting weights. Vigorous or longer sex sessions five times per week can burn up to 1,650 calories. The active partner who is on top is bound to get more benefit. Ladies should prefer the women on top position and make as many movements as they can.
Don't lose focus. You can easily get distracted with all of sex's delights. But your goal is to make it burn. In a matter of weeks, you can notice improvements in the tone and strength of your stomach, back, buttocks, legs and arms.
People who are missing the action due to minor disorders like erectile dysfunctions are advised to take Cialis or Viagra. Being away from sex can be an invitation to a lot of problems, leave aside he physical psychological and mental trauma.
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Has Viagra changed anything about the way we view sex?
[mage source="flickr"]Has Viagra changed anything about the way we view sex?[/mage]
Liberty Vs License
Where do our rights stop? A popular saying holds that they stop at the end of the next person’s nose. But, judging from the never ending stream of demands that assault us every day, it appears that everything on our personal and collective wish lists have now become rights, without limit.
Do we have a right to say and do anything we want, to unlimited health care, prescription drugs, subsidized housing, “to do drugs,” to prevent others from using drugs, to have health care plans pay for a sex change operation or prescriptions for Viagra, to a free college education, to receive “equal pay” for “equal work” (however that may be defined), to send your children to the school of your choice, to smoke or prevent others from smoking, to force our opinions or beliefs on others (as in Christian, Muslim or atheist, hedonist, or environmentalist)?
If our rights stop at the end of the next person’s nose, does that include their pocketbook? Stealing may be illegal and immoral, but whether or not it is acceptable seems to depend on who does it and why, and sometimes how. For example, is it acceptable for someone to steal food to feed their family but unacceptable if they steal money to keep from losing their home in foreclosure?
Taking money from others by force or at gunpoint or by embezzling it from an employer or some company is a crime, but how many people condone appropriating someone else’s dollars through taxation? Probably everyone, to some degree. But, isn’t that the problem? That is, the degree? Too often, in matters of taxation, right and wrong depend on who has the power to tax or whose ox is being gored.
When did we move from the freedom of speech guaranteed by our Constitution to freedom of speech only if it is politically correct according to some particular group, as in African Americans, Hispanics, women, gays, liberals, conservatives, Christians, Muslims, Jews…..you name it? Our treasured freedom of speech seems to be acceptable only so long as it conforms to some special interest group’s definition of expression they consider “correct.”
There always seem to be good and sufficient reasons to impose our individual or collective will on others. Both sides of the political spectrum find plenty of justification for pressing their values on everyone else. Abortion is about a woman’s right to do what she wants with her body or it is murder, depending on one’s personal beliefs. Those on the left say that the Boy Scouts are wrong to prevent gays from being scout leaders, notwithstanding the fact that the U.S. Supreme Court has held that the Constitution guarantees their right to make such a determination. But, that hasn’t stopped the ACLU and others who oppose the Boy Scouts’ policies from attempting to force communities around the nation to punish them in various ways, such as pressuring donors, including local governments, to stop giving them money or to cancel long standing privileges to use certain community facilities, such as parks or school grounds.
Schools have always been able to define the types of organizations that are permitted to hold meetings in their facilities or on their grounds or, for that matter, to even organize. But now, under the guise of keeping church and state separated, they go to such extremes as permitting clubs to organize celebrations like Kwanzaa or Voodoo rituals while preventing Christian students from holding club meetings on school grounds.
Or, how about the right of students to swear at others, including teachers, on school grounds? In some places vile language is considered acceptable, while prayer is not.
Do I have the right to demand that I be compensated for some perceived injustice, such as reparations for slavery? After failing to gain any traction with Congress, those who hold this view are now attempting to pursue claims against certain American corporations that were in business at the time their ancestors were enslaved and that profited from slavery. They may have the right to try, but should they? Apparently, stopping at the other person’s nose does not include corporate pockets.
Generally, we have the right to decide what and how much we eat, but there are some people who feel we should not be permitted to eat meat or a diet that’s high in carbohydrates or fat. Should they be allowed to determine what a proper diet should be for everyone else? Is obesity a disease or just lack of control? I suppose it can be either or, depending on the circumstances, but who’s to say? So, for some people it appears that it is just too bad if my “nose,” as in my dietary choices, happens to get in the way of someone else’s notion of what’s good for me.
Rights can be measured on a continuum, ranging from not having any rights to absolute, unrestricted and uncontrolled rights to do or say anything, that is, anything to anyone, anytime, anywhere. But, unlimited rights eventually reach the point where they become license. By license, I mean the unrestricted freedom to say or do anything we please, regardless of whose “nose’ gets in the way. Is that what we want?
In the final analysis, rights are really more about self-control than they are about laws or regulation or the constitution. You may have, or think you have, the right to say or do whatever you please, but that doesn’t always mean you should, law or no law.
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Exploring the Viagra phenomenon.
[mage source="flickr"]Exploring the Viagra phenomenon.[/mage]
Do Aphrodisiacs Exist?
Humanity's quest for a true aphrodisiac throughout history makes the search for the Holy Grail, El Dorado, and Free Energy look like child's play in comparison. Now, after several thousand years of exploration, experimentation, and evaluation can we say with any certainty that a real human aphrodisiac actually exists? This article will seek to answer that question.
What Are Aphrodisiacs?
Whether or not aphrodisiacs exist depends largely on how you define the term. Strictly speaking, an aphrodisiac is any substance that, when applied to a human, is supposed to increase sexual desire. The name comes from Aphrodite, the ancient Greek goddess of sensuality and love. Think of it as a love potion with a strong sexual element.
Are Aphrodisiacs Real?
If we stick to this strict definition, then no, a true aphrodisiac has never been discovered. At least, chemistry and medical science have never been able to scientifically prove the existence of an actual aphrodisiac.
Drugs like Viagra may increase a person's ability to perform, but not necessarily their desire. Various topical lotions and creams that heighten physical sensitivity may make sex more enjoyable, but not necessarily increase sexual desire. Alcohol, although long known for its ability to reduce someone's sexual inhibitions, also does not necessarily increase sexual desire.
The closest humanity and all of its science has come to finding a true aphrodisiac are medications that address a number of sexual dysfunctions to help couples enjoy a healthy sexual relationship. However, spouses popping pills together on their wedding anniversary is not exactly the height of romance.
Moral Issues
If a true aphrodisiac were discovered-a chemical that when fed to a person made them want to have sex right now-would it even be legal? Wouldn't such a drug violate that person's free will? What would happen when the drug wore off? In recent years we've seen Rohipnol and other "date rape" drugs become highly controlled substances, and their non-consensual use be punishable with years in prison. Perhaps it's better if humanity never discovers a true aphrodisiac.
The Placebo Effect
So if aphrodisiacs don't really exist, why is it that some people swear that they do? This may be due, in part, to a phenomenon known as the Placebo Effect. When medication is tested, one group is people are given the real pill, and another is given a useless sugar pill and told that it's the real medication. Sometimes, people who are taking the fake pill, but think it's real, may suddenly report their symptoms lessening, and the desired effect beginning to happen. What's really happening is psychosomatic-a sort of mind-over-matter effect. In other words, because people think the medication is real, they believe the desired effect will occur, even up to the point of unconsciously creating evidence to support their belief.
In the case of aphrodisiacs, if a couple consumes a supposed aphrodisiac together, both believing it will work, they may indeed feel an increase in sexual desire between them. This result, however, is purely psychological. The increase in sexual desire occurs in their mind through thought, not in their body through chemistry.
Although rigorous scientific testing has never proven the existence of a chemical that has the aphrodisiac effect on the body, there are certainly many foods and drinks that are intensely romantic or symbolic of love and affection. Wine and chocolates, champagne and strawberries, and fruit and cheese have been used by couples to romance each other for centuries. Although such foods may indeed increase sexual desire, it has more to do with the caring, affectionate, and intimate emotions that pass between couples during an evening of romance.
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The emergence of numerous internet sites offering erectile dysfunction pills for sale means that drugs are now available to a lot of people who want to buy Viagra cheap on line. This practice should be eschewed because of the propensity for people to be encouraged to buy Viagra online without prescription. Online sellers of Viagra are known to be in the habit of capitalising on the ignorance and the needs of the buyers to remain discreet to perpetrate scams. Not only do these internet sites perpetrate this scam, they are also in the habit of selling fake Viagra tablets online to the public.
Indeed, a market which is worth over 3 million dollars and which has brought hope for millions of men suffering from erectile dysfunction has become some sort of cash cow for unscrupulous dealers who want to take advantage of the Viagra revolution. This has led to a boom in phoney erectile dysfunction drugs. Only recently was a report of how French Custom Officials intercepted a cache of 224,000 fake Viagra and Cialis pills.
The dugs, worth over 2.4 million euros according to the Budget Ministry, were found hidden in a freight cargo en route to Brazil from India. The boxes, containing four tablets in the characteristic colour and shape of Cialis and Viagra pills, were branded Powergra and Erectalis. After the interception of the boxes, Minister Eric Werth’s office – in charge of Customs – confirmed that the drugs were handed over to Pfizer and Eli Lily, the respective manufacturers of Viagra and Cialis, where it was confirmed the drugs were fake and subsequently seized.
In July, the Chinese police detained 30 people after a ton of fake drugs including tens of thousand of Viagra pills were seized. The 30-man gang was detained on the suspicion of either selling or making the drug when Police in the eastern province of Zhejiang raided the gang, believed to sell the pills to 12 countries, including the United States. The catalogue of busted fake drug syndicate continues with the arrest of 12 people and the seizure of one ton of fake drugs and large quantities of raw materials for Sildenafil citrate, the active ingredient in Viagra.
The year before that, Ashish Halai and his group sold counterfeit drugs to unsuspecting customers who thought they were buying Propecia and Viagra. Regarded as Britain’s largest drug counterfeiting case, the Halai network stretched from Britain to Dubai, Hong Kong, the US, the Bahamas, to mention a few. Produced in secret factories in China and Pakistan, the fake pills were smuggled to Europe and the US. In collaboration with his pharmacist wife Nanya, Ashish started to deal in counterfeit Viagra, after he sold off the legitimate pharmacy business he ran with his partner.
The Halai gang belonged to a gang of UK distribution arm of a global counterfeiting ring operating from China, Pakistan, India and stretching into the Caribbean and the United States. The Halai gang orchestrated the industrial-scale supply of fake drugs from 2002 to 2005, and this involves the supply of millions of pounds of Cialis, Propecia and Viagra. The investigation, led by The Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency, resulted in the confiscation of over one million, five hundred thousand pounds worth of counterfeit drugs. On pleading guilty on the 17th of September 2007 at Kingston Crown Court, Halai was given a four and a half year prison sentence together with a confiscation order for 500,000 pounds, payable six months after the sentence. Nanya Halai got a confiscation order for 29,136 pounds, in addition to an earlier served 80-hour community service order.
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Viagra, as the most popular erectile dysfunction, has witnessed a sea change in the area of internet availability. Though meant as a prescription drug, the internet revolution means that the drug is now available to anyone who wants to buy Viagra cheap online. However, this practice is strongly advised against because it has increased massively the number of people who buy Viagra online without prescription, which in itself is dangerous. As the popularity of the drug continues to soar, and more people jump on the Viagra bandwagon, more reports are emanating that the drug can cause damages of more permanent proportions. Not too long ago in Washington, the Food and Drug Administration disclosed that it was having discussions with the manufacturers of the three well-known oral erectile dysfunction treatments – Viagra, Cialis, and Levitra. This is in connection with the duty of the manufacturers to educate the public on the rare cases of varying degrees of loss of vision – including blindness – that could be engendered by their products. This education is to be conveyed via the messages in their labels, and there was a report that the FDA was probing incidents of blindness among dozens of men who had used Viagra, while seizing the opportunity to caution that there could be a connection between the illnesses that could lead to impotence and loss of sight. In what could be considered as an obvious progress in the discussion, the manufacturer of Cialis has added a one-line caveat to its label.
The issue on the front burner is the sudden loss of vision when there is a block in the supply of blood to the optic nerve, which could result in a condition known as non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, commonly NAION. According to the spokeswoman for FDA, the regulatory body has 43 reported cases of NIAON among the erectile dysfunction treatment users, of which 38 cases are for Viagra, one for Levitra and 4 for Cialis. The Viagra number is rare, going by the over twenty million users of Viagra, if the words of Pfizer, Viagra maker, are to be considered. Complicating this issue further is the fact that NAION is seen as a leading cause of loss of vision in the older population, with statistics suggesting that cases are between 6,000 and 1,000.
Nevertheless, Cruzan was of the opinion that the reported incidents of vision loss from the use of these drugs are to be taken seriously. This opinion is coming on the backdrop of the criticism levelled in the way of federal regulators and the drug industry regarding their actions in the assurance of safety of drugs already in the market. There has been mounting pressure on the FDA to investigate the reported side effects because Merck and CO. has had to pull its pain reliever drug, Vioxx, out of the market since it was discovered that the drug had the capacity to trigger fatal heart conditions.
A lot of money is involved here. The manufacturer of Viagra, in its recent quarterly filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, said that the sale of Viagra rose 5 percent to 438 million dollars, in the first quarter of the year. The blindness cases, however, brought a downturn in business for Pfizer, with its share losing 55 cents on the New York Stock Exchange.
Original Viagra tablets, best-selling pills that brought about a revolution in the treatment of ED, are however not sold without serious warnings. Coming with the pack is the express warning that the drug is not to be used by men who are on any form of nitrate prescriptions, and men who already have heart problems and whose doctors had warned that sex could be physically exerting for them.
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